Direct lithium extraction: A cleaner path to powering the energy transition

As the global push for decarbonisation accelerates and regulations for electric vehicles (EVs) and net-zero emissions targets continue to grow, demand for lithium is anticipated to sharply increase. While today nearly 60% of lithium is mined for battery applications, this figure is projected to jump to 95% by 2030. However, the lithium production process faces significant challenges, including geopolitical issues, supply-demand imbalances, and environmental concerns. Addressing these issues requires solutions that are both economically viable and environmentally sustainable.

One of conventional lithium production methods – concentration via evaporation ponds at salt flats or groundwater aquifers – is very time-consuming, taking months or even years to provide a viable product. Hard-rock mining also presents challenges in relation to its environmental impact and cost-effectiveness.

Direct lithium extraction (DLE) from brine has emerged as a promising alternative to these traditional methods, offering a more sustainable and competitive approach to lithium production. DLE eliminates the need for large evaporation ponds by using advanced filtration and separation technologies to extract lithium directly from brine and can be done in a matter of hours or a few days. Additionally, DLE significantly reduces water usage, land disruption and greenhouse gas emissions, making it a more sustainable solution for lithium production.

DLE does have its own challenges, including the presence of impurities such as magnesium, calcium and boron, which can interfere with the recovery process. Advanced filtration and separation systems play a pivotal role in removing these impurities while maintaining the integrity of the lithium-rich brine. These include adsorption beds, ion exchange, solvent extraction, and membrane technologies – including reverse osmosis and nano-filtration membranes. They selectively capture lithium ions while allowing other contaminants to remain in the brine.

Additionally, the removal of fine particulates and other impurities helps protect critical equipment within the DLE process and ensures that these components operate efficiently, while extending their lifespan and improving overall recovery rates.

Pall Corporation has developed specialised filtration and separation solutions which are designed to handle high levels of suspended solids and contaminants. These systems ensure consistent performance and high-quality lithium recovery, making the final product suitable for battery-grade applications.

The environmental and economic benefits of DLE are substantial. By eliminating the need for large-scale evaporation ponds, DLE reduces land use and minimises the environmental impact of lithium production. It also lowers greenhouse gas emissions associated with traditional extraction methods, contributing to global decarbonisation efforts. Economically, DLE’s faster production cycles enable producers to respond more quickly to surging demand and allows for easier scaling to meet future needs.

As the world transitions to a low-carbon future, the adoption of sustainable lithium extraction methods such as DLE will be critical. By integrating advanced filtration and separation technologies into DLE processes, the industry is taking a significant step toward a more sustainable and efficient lithium supply chain. This innovation not only supports the global shift toward renewable energy but also aligns with broader efforts to reduce the environmental impact of resource extraction.

Read the article online at: https://www.globalminingreview.com/environment-sustainability/14072025/direct-lithium-extraction-a-cleaner-path-to-powering-the-energy-transition/